---
title: Amos 3:4 (JPS 1917) — Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? · tree and pragmatics
description: Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? Who acts: lion. Amos 3:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Amos 3:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey?

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**Who acts:** lion · **What happens:** roar, have · **To what, where:** forest, prey

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This is Amos 3:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:35
# text = Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey?
1	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	roar	roar	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=ask, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roar** | future | a lion |  |  | the forest |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |
| 2 | **have** | present | lion | no prey |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג אַרְיֵה֙ בַּיַּ֔עַר וְטֶ֖רֶף אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ הֲיִתֵּ֨ן כְּפִ֤יר קוֹלוֹ֙ מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ בִּלְתִּ֖י אִם־לָכָֽד׃

[Amos 3:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.4/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey?**
2. [Will a young lion give forth his voice out of his den, if he have taken nothing?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.36/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:35` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Amos 3:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.34/)
- next →: [Amos 3:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.36/)
- ↑ back to [Amos 3:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.4/)