---
title: Amos 3:8 (JPS 1917) — The lion hath roared, who will not fear? · tree and pragmatics
description: The lion hath roared, who will not fear? Who acts: lion. Amos 3:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Amos 3:8 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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The lion hath roared, who will not fear?

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**Who acts:** lion · **What happens:** roar, not fear

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This is Amos 3:8 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:42
# text = The lion hath roared, who will not fear?
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	roared	roar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	fear	fear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: other
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=other, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roar** | present · perfect | the lion |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **not** **fear** | future |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אַרְיֵ֥ה שָׁאָ֖ג מִ֣י לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ דִּבֶּ֔ר מִ֖י לֹ֥א יִנָּבֵֽא׃

[Amos 3:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.8/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **The lion hath roared, who will not fear?**
2. [The Lord GOD hath spoken, who can but prophesy?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.43/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:42` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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