--- title: Amos 4:10 (JPS 1917) — I have sent among you the pestilence in the way of Egypt; your young… · tree and pragmatics description: I have sent among you the pestilence in the way of Egypt; your young men have I slain with the sword, and have carried away your horses; and I have made the stench of your camp to come up even into your nostrils; yet have ye not returned unto Me, saith the LORD. Who acts: I, stench, ye, LORD. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, stench, ye, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:AMO:61 # text = I have sent among you the pestilence in the way of Egypt; your young men have I slain with the sword, and have carried away your horses; and I have made the stench of your camp to come up even into your nostrils; yet have ye not returned unto Me, saith the LORD. 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 among among ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 pestilence pestilence NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Egypt Egypt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 14 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 17 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 slain slain VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 19 conj _ _ 27 away away ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 stench stench NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 camp camp NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 to to PART TO _ 41 mark _ _ 41 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 xcomp _ _ 42 up up ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 43 even even ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ _ 44 into into ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ _ 46 nostrils nostril NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 obl _ _ 47 ; ; PUNCT : _ 52 punct _ _ 48 yet yet CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 49 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 aux _ _ 50 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 52 nsubj _ _ 51 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 52 advmod _ _ 52 returned return VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 53 unto unto ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 Me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 52 obl _ _ 55 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 56 saith say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 parataxis _ _ 57 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 58 det _ _ 58 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 nsubj _ _ 59 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **send** | present · perfect | I | the pestilence | | the way of Egypt | | among you | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pestilence=Theme in way=Destination | | 2 | **slain** | present · perfect | I | your young men | | | | with the sword | tree rules | | 3 | **carry away** | present · perfect | I *not said here* | your horses | | | | away *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme | | 4 | **make** | present · perfect | I | the stench of your camp | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **come up** | to-infinitive | the stench of your camp *not said here* | | | your nostrils | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into nostril=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **not** **return** | present · perfect | ye | | | | | unto Me | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּי בָכֶ֥ם דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם הָרַ֤גְתִּי בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם עִ֖ם שְׁבִ֣י סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑ם וָאַעֲלֶ֞ה בְּאֹ֤שׁ מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙ וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ [Amos 4:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:61` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Amos 4:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.60/) - next →: [Amos 4:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.62/) - ↑ back to [Amos 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.10/)