--- title: Amos 4:13 (JPS 1917) — For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and d… · tree and pragmatics description: For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth; the LORD, the God of hosts, is His name. Who acts: thought, GOD. Amos 4:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.64/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/4/) / [4:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.13/) / JPS 1 # Amos 4:13 · JPS 1917 For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth; the LORD, the God of hosts, is His name. **Who acts:** thought, GOD · **What happens:** form, create, declare, be, make, tread · **To what, where:** mountains, wind, thought, morning darkness, high places, name · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Amos 4:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thought, GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:AMO:64 # text = For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth; the LORD, the God of hosts, is His name. 1 For for CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 lo lo INTJ UH _ 51 discourse _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nsubj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 formeth form VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 createth create VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 declareth declare VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 18 unto unto ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 23 nsubj _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 thought thought NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 ccomp _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 26 maketh make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 darkness darkness NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 treadeth tread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 33 upon upon ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 51 punct _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 nsubj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 appos _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 nmod _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 49 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 cop _ _ 50 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ _ 51 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 51 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **form** | present | | the mountains | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mountain=Theme | | 2 | **create** | present | | the wind | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Result | | 3 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | | | | | | unto man | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | | GOD's thought | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **make** | present | GOD's thought | the morning darkness | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset darkness=Product | | 6 | **tread** | present | GOD's thought *not said here* | | | the high places of the earth | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon place=Trajectory | | 7 | **is a** | present | GOD | GOD's name | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כִּ֡י הִנֵּה֩ יוֹצֵ֨ר הָרִ֜ים וּבֹרֵ֣א ר֗וּחַ וּמַגִּ֤יד לְאָדָם֙ מַה־שֵּׂח֔וֹ עֹשֵׂ֥ה שַׁ֙חַר֙ עֵיפָ֔ה וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֑רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ס [Amos 4:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:64` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Amos 4:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.63/) - next →: [Amos 5:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.65/) - ↑ back to [Amos 4:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.13/)