---
title: Amos 1:9 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they delivered up a whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant. Who acts: LORD, I, transgressions, Tyre. Amos 1:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Amos 1:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they delivered up a whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, I, transgressions, Tyre · **What happens:** say, not reverse, deliver up, not remember, transgress · **To what, where:** sceptre, whole captivity, Edom, brotherly covenant · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Amos 1:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, transgressions, Tyre), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:AMO:8
# text = Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they delivered up a whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	For	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Tyre	Tyre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	20	discourse	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	reverse	reverse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	remembered	remember	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	brotherly	brotherly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **reverse** | future | I | sceptre |  |  |  | for three transgressions of Tyre; for four | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **deliver up** | past | transgressions *= transgression* | a whole captivity | Edom |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent captivity=Theme to edom=Destination |
| 4 | **not** **remember** | past | transgressions *= transgression* *not said here* | the brotherly covenant |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent covenant=Theme |
| 5 | **transgress** |  | Tyre |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵי־צֹ֔ר וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־הַסְגִּירָ֞ם גָּל֤וּת שְׁלֵמָה֙ לֶאֱד֔וֹם וְלֹ֥א זָכְר֖וּ בְּרִ֥ית אַחִֽים׃

[Amos 1:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:8` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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