--- title: Amos 5:16 (JPS 1917) — Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentati… · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentation shall be in all the broad places, and they shall say in all the streets: 'Alas! alas!' and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and proclaim lamentation to such as are skilful of wailing. Who acts: LORD, Lamentation, hosts --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.80/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/5/) / [5:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.5.16/) / JPS 1 # Amos 5:16 · JPS 1917 Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentation shall be in all the broad places, and they shall say in all the streets: 'Alas! alas!' and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and proclaim lamentation to such as are skilful of wailing. **Who acts:** LORD, Lamentation, hosts · **What happens:** say, be, call, proclaim, wail · **To what, where:** broad places, streets, husbandman, mourning, lamentation · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Amos 5:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Lamentation, hosts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:AMO:80 # text = Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentation shall be in all the broad places, and they shall say in all the streets: 'Alas! alas!' and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and proclaim lamentation to such as are skilful of wailing. 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 thus thus ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 15 Lamentation lamentation NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 16 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 17 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 22 cop _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 19 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 22 det:predet _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 broad broad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 31 det:predet _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 streets street NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 : : PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 33 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 34 Alas alas INTJ UH _ 42 discourse _ _ 35 ! ! PUNCT . _ 34 punct _ _ 36 alas alas INTJ UH _ 42 discourse _ _ 37 ! ! PUNCT . _ 36 punct _ _ 38 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 40 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 41 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 42 call call VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 conj _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 husbandman husbandman NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 45 to to ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 mourning mourning NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 proclaim proclaim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 conj _ _ 50 lamentation lamentation NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obj _ _ 51 to to ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 52 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 55 amod _ _ 53 as as ADP IN _ 52 fixed _ _ 54 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 55 cop _ _ 55 skilful skilful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 obl _ _ 56 of of SCONJ IN _ 57 mark _ _ 57 wailing wail VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 55 obl _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | therefore, thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | shall | Lamentation | | | all broad places | | | tree rules | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | hosts *= host* | | | all streets | | | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in street=Manner | | 4 | **call** | shall | hosts *= host* | the husbandman | mourning | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent husbandman=Topic to mourning=Recipient | | 5 | **proclaim** | infinitive | hosts *= host* *not said here* | lamentation | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamentation=Theme | | 6 | **is** | present | | | | | | skilful *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **wail** | gerund | | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י צְבָאוֹת֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י בְּכָל־רְחֹב֣וֹת מִסְפֵּ֔ד וּבְכָל־חוּצ֖וֹת יֹאמְר֣וּ הוֹ־ה֑וֹ וְקָרְא֤וּ אִכָּר֙ אֶל־אֵ֔בֶל וּמִסְפֵּ֖ד אֶל־י֥וֹדְעֵי נֶֽהִי׃ [Amos 5:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.5.16/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:AMO:80` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Amos 5:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.79/) - next →: [Amos 5:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.81/) - ↑ back to [Amos 5:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.5.16/)