---
title: Ezekiel 40:31 (JPS 1917) — And the arches thereof were toward the outer court; and palm-trees w… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the arches thereof were toward the outer court; and palm-trees were upon the posts thereof; and the going up to it had eight steps. Who acts: arches, palm trees. Ezekiel 40:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 40:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the arches thereof were toward the outer court; and palm-trees were upon the posts thereof; and the going up to it had eight steps.

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**Who acts:** arches, palm trees · **What happens:** be, go up, have · **To what, where:** court, eight steps

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This is Ezekiel 40:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arches, palm trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:1079
# text = And the arches thereof were toward the outer court; and palm-trees were upon the posts thereof; and the going up to it had eight steps.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	arches	arch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	_
14	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	posts	post	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
19	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	nsubj	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
27	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
28	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the arches |  |  |  |  | toward the outer court and the posts | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | palm trees |  |  |  |  | upon the posts; thereof *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go up** | gerund |  |  | court |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **have** | past |  | eight steps |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֵלַמָּ֗ואֶל־חָצֵר֙ הַחִ֣צוֹנָ֔ה וְתִמֹרִ֖ים אֶל־אֵילָ֑יו וּמַעֲל֥וֹת שְׁמוֹנֶ֖ה מַעֲלָֽיו׃

[Ezekiel 40:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.40.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:1079` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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