---
title: Ezekiel 44:12 (JPS 1917) — Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and became a s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and became a stumblingblock of iniquity unto the house of Israel; therefore have I lifted up My hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their iniquity. Who acts: Levites, I, Lord GOD. Ezekiel 44:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependen
---

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# Ezekiel 44:12 · JPS 1917

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Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and became a stumblingblock of iniquity unto the house of Israel; therefore have I lifted up My hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their iniquity.

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**Who acts:** Levites, I, Lord GOD · **What happens:** minister, become, lift up, say, bear · **To what, where:** stumblingblock, hand, iniquity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 44:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Levites, I, Lord GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:1184
# text = Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and became a stumblingblock of iniquity unto the house of Israel; therefore have I lifted up My hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their iniquity.
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ministered	minister	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	idols	idol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	stumblingblock	stumblingblock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	ccomp	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	against	against	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	saith	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	conj	_	_
41	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **minister** | past | Levites |  |  |  | before Levites's idols | unto people | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | Levites *not said here* | a stumblingblock of iniquity unto the house of Israel |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **lift up** | present · perfect | I | My hand |  |  |  | against Levites; therefore *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme against they=Destination |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **bear** | shall | Levites | Levites's iniquity |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְשָׁרְת֤וּ אוֹתָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י גִלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָי֥וּ לְבֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְמִכְשׁ֣וֹל עָוֺ֑ן עַל־כֵּן֩ נָשָׂ֨אתִי יָדִ֜י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְנָשְׂא֖וּ עֲוֺנָֽם׃

[Ezekiel 44:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.44.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:1184` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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