---
title: Ezekiel 44:31 (JPS 1917) — The priests shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself, or is t… · tree and pragmatics
description: The priests shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself, or is torn, whether it be fowl or beast. Who acts: priests, thing, priest. Ezekiel 44:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 44:31 · JPS 1917

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The priests shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself, or is torn, whether it be fowl or beast.

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**Who acts:** priests, thing, priest · **What happens:** not eat, die, tear, be · **To what, where:** fowl

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This is Ezekiel 44:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priests, thing, priest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:1203
# text = The priests shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself, or is torn, whether it be fowl or beast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	dieth	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	advcl	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | shall | the priests |  |  |  |  | of any thing | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of thing=Source |
| 2 | **die** | present | any thing |  |  |  |  | of priest | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of itself=Causer |
| 3 | **tear** | present · passive | any thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V» |
| 4 | **is a** | infinitive | priest | fowl or beast |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כָּל־נְבֵלָה֙ וּטְרֵפָ֔ה מִן־הָע֖וֹף וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה לֹ֥א יֹאכְל֖וּ הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃פ

[Ezekiel 44:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.44.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:1203` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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