---
title: Ezekiel 1:13 (JPS 1917) — As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was li… · tree and pragmatics
description: As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like coals of fire, burning like the appearance of torches; it flashed up and down among the living creatures; and there was brightness to the fire, and out of the fire went forth lightning. Who acts: appearance, brightness, lightning
---

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# Ezekiel 1:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like coals of fire, burning like the appearance of torches; it flashed up and down among the living creatures; and there was brightness to the fire, and out of the fire went forth lightning.

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**Who acts:** appearance, brightness, lightning · **What happens:** be, burn, flash up, go · **To what, where:** living creatures, fire

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This is Ezekiel 1:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (appearance, brightness, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:13
# text = As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like coals of fire, burning like the appearance of torches; it flashed up and down among the living creatures; and there was brightness to the fire, and out of the fire went forth lightning.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	likeness	likeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	coals	coal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	flashed	flash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	down	down	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
30	among	among	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	37	expl	_	_
37	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
38	brightness	brightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
44	out	out	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
48	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
49	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
50	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | wings's appearance |  |  |  |  | like coals; as the likeness of the living creatures; of fire | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund | wings's appearance *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like the appearance of torches | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **flash up** | past | appearance |  |  | the living creatures |  | down *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among creature=Location |
| 4 | **be** | past | brightness to the fire |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **go** | past | lightning |  |  | the fire |  | forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out fire=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּדְמ֨וּת הַחַיּ֜וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶ֣ם כְּגַחֲלֵי־אֵ֗שׁ בֹּֽעֲרוֹת֙ כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַלַּפִּדִ֔ים הִ֕יא מִתְהַלֶּ֖כֶת בֵּ֣ין הַחַיּ֑וֹת וְנֹ֣גַהּ לָאֵ֔שׁ וּמִן־הָאֵ֖שׁ יוֹצֵ֥א בָרָֽק׃

[Ezekiel 1:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:13` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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