---
title: Ezekiel 7:18 (JPS 1917) — They shall also gird themselves with sackcloth, and horror shall cov… · tree and pragmatics
description: They shall also gird themselves with sackcloth, and horror shall cover them; and shame shall be upon all faces, and baldness upon all their heads. Who acts: knees, horror, shame. Ezekiel 7:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 7:18 · JPS 1917

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They shall also gird themselves with sackcloth, and horror shall cover them; and shame shall be upon all faces, and baldness upon all their heads.

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**Who acts:** knees, horror, shame · **What happens:** gird, cover, be · **To what, where:** knees

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This is Ezekiel 7:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knees, horror, shame), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:137
# text = They shall also gird themselves with sackcloth, and horror shall cover them; and shame shall be upon all faces, and baldness upon all their heads.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	gird	gird	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	horror	horror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
16	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	baldness	baldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	all	all	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gird** | shall | knees *= knee* | knees *= knee* |  |  |  | with sackcloth | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | shall | horror | knees *= knee* |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Destination |
| 3 | **is** | shall | shame |  |  |  |  | upon all faces and baldness upon knees's heads | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְחָגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְכִסְּתָ֥ה אוֹתָ֖ם פַּלָּצ֑וּת וְאֶ֤ל כָּל־פָּנִים֙ בּוּשָׁ֔ה וּבְכָל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם קָרְחָֽה׃

[Ezekiel 7:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.7.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:137` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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