--- title: Ezekiel 8:12 (JPS 1917) — Then said He unto me: 'Son of man, hast thou seen what the elders of… · tree and pragmatics description: Then said He unto me: 'Son of man, hast thou seen what the elders of the house of Israel do in the dark, every man in his chambers of imagery? for they say: The LORD seeth us not, the LORD hath forsaken the land.' Who acts: cloud, thou, elders, LORD. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cloud, thou, elders, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EZK:158 # text = Then said He unto me: 'Son of man, hast thou seen what the elders of the house of Israel do in the dark, every man in his chambers of imagery? for they say: The LORD seeth us not, the LORD hath forsaken the land.' 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _ 2 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 2 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 8 Son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 vocative _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 12 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 13 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 14 nsubj _ _ 14 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 ccomp _ _ 15 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 23 obj _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 elders elder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 29 det _ _ 29 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 chambers chamber NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 imagery imagery NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 35 ? ? PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ 36 for for SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 37 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 39 : : PUNCT : _ 42 punct _ _ 40 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 42 seeth see VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 ccomp _ _ 43 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 42 obj _ _ 44 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 42 advmod _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 49 nsubj _ _ 48 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 aux _ _ 49 forsaken forsake VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 42 conj _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obj _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ 53 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=q, act=ask, indirect=0 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | cloud | | | | then | unto me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **see** | present · perfect | thou | | | | | Son of man *vocative* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **do** | present | the elders of the house of Israel | | | the dark | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | elders *= elder* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **not** **see** | present | the LORD | us | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus | | 6 | **forsake** | present · perfect | the LORD | the land | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ הֲרָאִ֣יתָ בֶן־אָדָם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר זִקְנֵ֤י בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ אִ֖ישׁ בְּחַדְרֵ֣י מַשְׂכִּית֑וֹ כִּ֣י אֹמְרִ֗ים אֵ֤ין יְהוָה֙ רֹאֶ֣ה אֹתָ֔נוּ עָזַ֥ב יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ [Ezekiel 8:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.8.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:158` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 8:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.157/) - next →: [Ezekiel 8:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.159/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 8:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.8.12/)