--- title: Ezekiel 10:1 (JPS 1917) — Then I looked, and, behold, upon the firmament that was over the hea… · tree and pragmatics description: Then I looked, and, behold, upon the firmament that was over the head of the cherubim, there appeared above them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne. Who acts: I, firmament, cherubim. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, firmament, cherubim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EZK:178 # text = Then I looked, and, behold, upon the firmament that was over the head of the cherubim, there appeared above them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 behold behold INTJ UH _ 22 discourse _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 9 upon upon ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 firmament firmament NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 14 over over ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 acl:relcl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 cherubim cherubim NOUN NN Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 21 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 22 expl _ _ 22 appeared appear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 above above ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ _ 25 as as SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 27 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 sapphire sapphire NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 advcl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 as as ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 appearance appearance NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 likeness likeness NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 throne throne NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | past | I | | | | then | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **is** | past | the firmament | | | the head | | of the cherubim | tree rules | | 3 | **appear** | past | I *not said here* | | | the firmament; there | | above them *= they*; as the appearance of the likeness of a throne | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon firmament=Location | | 4 | **is a** | past | cherubim | a sapphire stone | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֶל־הָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים כְּאֶ֣בֶן סַפִּ֔יר כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה דְּמ֣וּת כִּסֵּ֑א נִרְאָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ [Ezekiel 10:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.10.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:178` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 9:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.177/) - next →: [Ezekiel 10:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.179/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 10:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.10.1/)