---
title: Ezekiel 1:19 (JPS 1917) — And when the living creatures went, the wheels went hard by them; an… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when the living creatures went, the wheels went hard by them; and when the living creatures were lifted up from the bottom, the wheels were lifted up. Who acts: living creatures, wheels. Ezekiel 1:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 1:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when the living creatures went, the wheels went hard by them; and when the living creatures were lifted up from the bottom, the wheels were lifted up.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** living creatures, wheels · **What happens:** go, lift up · **To what, where:** living creatures, bottom, wheels

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This is Ezekiel 1:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (living creatures, wheels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:19
# text = And when the living creatures went, the wheels went hard by them; and when the living creatures were lifted up from the bottom, the wheels were lifted up.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
16	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	advcl	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
31	up	up	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the living creatures |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | the wheels |  |  |  |  | by creatures *= creature*; hard *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by they=Location |
| 3 | **lift up** | past · passive |  | the living creatures |  | the bottom |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme from bottom=Destination |
| 4 | **lift up** | past · passive |  | the wheels |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּבְלֶ֙כֶת֙ הַֽחַיּ֔וֹת יֵלְכ֥וּ הָאוֹפַנִּ֖ים אֶצְלָ֑ם וּבְהִנָּשֵׂ֤א הַֽחַיּוֹת֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ יִנָּשְׂא֖וּ הָאוֹפַנִּֽים׃

[Ezekiel 1:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:19` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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