---
title: Ezekiel 1:22 (JPS 1917) — And over the heads of the living creatures there was the likeness of… · tree and pragmatics
description: And over the heads of the living creatures there was the likeness of a firmament, like the colour of the terrible ice, stretched forth over their heads above. Who acts: likeness. Ezekiel 1:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.22/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/1/) / [1:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.22/) / JPS 1

# Ezekiel 1:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And over the heads of the living creatures there was the likeness of a firmament, like the colour of the terrible ice, stretched forth over their heads above.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** likeness · **What happens:** be, stretch · **To what, where:** heads, likeness

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 1:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (likeness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:22
# text = And over the heads of the living creatures there was the likeness of a firmament, like the colour of the terrible ice, stretched forth over their heads above.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	likeness	likeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
26	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	over	over	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	above	above	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the likeness of a firmament like the colour of the terrible ice |  |  | the heads of the living creatures; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over head=Location |
| 2 | **stretch** | participle |  | the likeness of a firmament like the colour of the terrible ice *not said here* |  | creatures's heads |  | above, forth *property* | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over head=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּדְמ֞וּת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הַחַיָּה֙ רָקִ֔יעַ כְּעֵ֖ין הַקֶּ֣רַח הַנּוֹרָ֑א נָט֥וּי עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃

[Ezekiel 1:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.22/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:22` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ezekiel 1:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.21/)
- next →: [Ezekiel 1:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.23/)
- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 1:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.22/)