---
title: Ezekiel 1:25 (JPS 1917) — For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their… · tree and pragmatics
description: For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings. Who acts: voice, wings. Ezekiel 1:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 1:25 · JPS 1917

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For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings.

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**Who acts:** voice, wings · **What happens:** be, stand, let down · **To what, where:** heads, wings

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This is Ezekiel 1:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:25
# text = For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings.
1	For	for	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	above	above	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	acl:relcl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	down	down	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | a voice above the firmament |  |  | wings's heads |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | past | wings *= wing* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **let down** | past | wings *= wing* | wings's wings |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְהִי־ק֕וֹל מֵעַ֕ל לָרָקִ֖יעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־רֹאשָׁ֑ם בְּעָמְדָ֖ם תְּרַפֶּ֥ינָה כַנְפֵיהֶֽן׃

[Ezekiel 1:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:25` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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