---
title: Ezekiel 1:26 (JPS 1917) — And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness o… · tree and pragmatics
description: And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone; and upon the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man upon it above. Who acts: firmament. Ezekiel 1:26 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Ezekiel 1:26 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone; and upon the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man upon it above.

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**Who acts:** firmament · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** heads, likeness, firmament

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This is Ezekiel 1:26 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (firmament), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:26
# text = And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone; and upon the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man upon it above.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	above	above	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	likeness	likeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
26	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	likeness	likeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	likeness	likeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
35	as	as	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
41	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nmod	_	_
43	above	above	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the firmament |  |  | wings's heads |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | the likeness and a likeness |  | the firmament |  | of a throne as the appearance of a sapphire stone | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | a likeness |  |  |  | upon the likeness of the throne; as the appearance of a man upon firmament | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמִמַּ֗עַל לָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה אֶֽבֶן־סַפִּ֖יר דְּמ֣וּת כִּסֵּ֑א וְעַל֙ דְּמ֣וּת הַכִּסֵּ֔א דְּמ֞וּת כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה אָדָ֛ם עָלָ֖יו מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃

[Ezekiel 1:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.26/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:26` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ezekiel 1:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.25/)
- next →: [Ezekiel 1:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.27/)
- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 1:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.26/)