---
title: Ezekiel 14:15 (JPS 1917) — If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it… · tree and pragmatics
description: If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it, and it be desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts; Who acts: I, evil beasts, Noah, beast. Ezekiel 14:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 14:15 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it, and it be desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, evil beasts, Noah, beast, man · **What happens:** cause, pass, bereave, be, pass through · **To what, where:** land, beast

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 14:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, evil beasts, Noah, beast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:294
# text = If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it, and it be desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts;
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	bereave	bereave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
20	desolate	desolate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	27	mark	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
26	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
28	through	through	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	32	case	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	fixed	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | evil beasts |  |  | the land |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through land=Location |
| 3 | **bereave** | present | Noah | beast |  |  |  |  | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Source |
| 4 | **is** | infinitive | beast |  |  |  |  | desolate *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **pass through** | may | no man |  |  |  |  | because the beasts | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לֽוּ־חַיָּ֥ה רָעָ֛ה אַעֲבִ֥יר בָּאָ֖רֶץ וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה וְהָיְתָ֤ה שְׁמָמָה֙ מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֖י הַחַיָּֽה׃

[Ezekiel 14:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.14.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:294` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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