---
title: Ezekiel 18:12 (JPS 1917) — hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not res… · tree and pragmatics
description: hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination, Ezekiel 18:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 18:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** wrong, take, not restore, lift up, commit · **To what, where:** poor, pledge, eyes, idols, abomination

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 18:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:414
# text = hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,
1	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	aux	_	_
2	wronged	wrong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	needy	needy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	robbery	robbery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	restored	restore	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	idols	idol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	committed	commit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
31	abomination	abomination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=evaluate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrong** | present · perfect |  | the poor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | by robbery | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **restore** | present · perfect |  | the pledge |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent pledge=Theme |
| 4 | **lift up** | present · perfect |  | man's eyes |  | the idols |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to idol=Destination |
| 5 | **commit** | present · perfect |  | abomination |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abomination=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנָ֔ה גְּזֵל֣וֹת גָּזָ֔ל חֲבֹ֖ל לֹ֣א יָשִׁ֑יב וְאֶל־הַגִּלּוּלִים֙ נָשָׂ֣א עֵינָ֔יו תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה עָשָֽׂה׃

[Ezekiel 18:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.12/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:414` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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