---
title: Ezekiel 18:18 (JPS 1917) — As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, committed robbery o… · tree and pragmatics
description: As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, committed robbery on his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he dieth for his iniquity. Who acts: man. Ezekiel 18:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 18:18 · JPS 1917

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As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, committed robbery on his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he dieth for his iniquity.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** oppress, commit, do, not be, die · **To what, where:** robbery, that

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This is Ezekiel 18:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:420
# text = As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, committed robbery on his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he dieth for his iniquity.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	committed	commit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	robbery	robbery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	obj	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	among	among	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	31	discourse	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	dieth	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oppress** | past | man |  |  |  |  | cruelly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **commit** | past |  | robbery |  |  |  | as man's father; on man's brother | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robbery=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | past |  | that |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | among man's people; good *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **die** | present | man |  |  |  |  | for man's iniquity | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for iniquity=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אָבִ֞יו כִּֽי־עָ֣שַׁק עֹ֗שֶׁק גָּזַל֙ גֵּ֣זֶל אָ֔ח וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ט֛וֹב עָשָׂ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ עַמָּ֑יו וְהִנֵּה־מֵ֖ת בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ׃

[Ezekiel 18:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:420` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ezekiel 18:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.419/)
- next →: [Ezekiel 18:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.421/)
- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 18:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.18/)