---
title: Ezekiel 3:8 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I have made thy face hard against their faces, and thy foreh… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, I have made thy face hard against their faces, and thy forehead hard against their foreheads. Who acts: I. Ezekiel 3:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 3:8 · JPS 1917

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Behold, I have made thy face hard against their faces, and thy forehead hard against their foreheads.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** make · **To what, where:** face

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This is Ezekiel 3:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:49
# text = Behold, I have made thy face hard against their faces, and thy forehead hard against their foreheads.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	forehead	forehead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
17	against	against	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	foreheads	forehead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect | I | thy face |  |  |  | against speech's faces; hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֧תִּי אֶת־פָּנֶ֛יךָ חֲזָקִ֖ים לְעֻמַּ֣ת פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶֽת־מִצְחֲךָ֥ חָזָ֖ק לְעֻמַּ֥ת מִצְחָֽם׃

[Ezekiel 3:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.3.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:49` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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