---
title: Ezekiel 22:4 (JPS 1917) — thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art def… · tree and pragmatics
description: thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art defiled in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years; therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the nations, and a mocking to all the countries! Who acts: thou, I. E
---

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# Ezekiel 22:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art defiled in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years; therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the nations, and a mocking to all the countries!

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**Who acts:** thou, I · **What happens:** become, shed, defile, make, cause, draw · **To what, where:** blood, idols, thee

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This is Ezekiel 22:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:542
# text = thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art defiled in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years; therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the nations, and a mocking to all the countries!
1	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
10	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	defiled	defile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	idols	idol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
21	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	acl:relcl	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
26	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
28	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
32	near	near	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	conj	_	_
37	even	even	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
38	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
42	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
43	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
44	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
46	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	45	obj	_	_
47	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	xcomp	_	_
49	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	_
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
54	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	mocking	mocking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	conj	_	_
56	to	to	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
57	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	59	det:predet	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	nmod	_	_
60	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: exclamation
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · passive | thou |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **shed** | present · perfect | thou | thy blood |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location that=Source |
| 3 | **defile** | present · passive | thou *not said here* |  |  | thine idols |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | present · perfect | thou | thine idols |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset which=Product |
| 5 | **cause** | present · perfect | thou |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **draw** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **come** | present · passive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **make** | present · perfect | I | thee |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בְּדָמֵ֨ךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפַ֜כְתְּ אָשַׁ֗מְתְּ וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ טָמֵ֔את וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִי יָמַ֔יִךְ וַתָּב֖וֹא עַד־שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן נְתַתִּ֤יךְ חֶרְפָּה֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְקַלָּסָ֖ה לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃

[Ezekiel 22:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:542` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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