---
title: Ezekiel 22:18 (JPS 1917) — 'Son of man, the house of Israel is become dross unto Me; all of the… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Son of man, the house of Israel is become dross unto Me; all of them are brass and tin and iron and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are the dross of silver. Who acts: all, nations. Ezekiel 22:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 22:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Son of man, the house of Israel is become dross unto Me; all of them are brass and tin and iron and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are the dross of silver.

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**Who acts:** all, nations · **What happens:** become, be · **To what, where:** house, brass, midst, dross

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This is Ezekiel 22:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:557
# text = 'Son of man, the house of Israel is become dross unto Me; all of them are brass and tin and iron and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are the dross of silver.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
2	Son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	vocative	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	dross	dross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	_
13	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	all	all	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	20	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
36	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	dross	dross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · passive |  | the house of Israel |  |  |  | Son of man *vocative* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **is a** | present | all | brass and tin and iron and lead |  | the midst of the furnace |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | nations *= nation* | the dross |  |  |  | of silver | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הָיוּ־לִ֥י בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְסִ֑יג כֻּלָּ֡ם נְ֠חֹשֶׁת וּבְדִ֨יל וּבַרְזֶ֤ל וְעוֹפֶ֙רֶת֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר סִגִ֥ים כֶּ֖סֶף הָיֽוּ׃ס

[Ezekiel 22:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:557` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 22:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.18/)