---
title: Ezekiel 25:12 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the ho… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them; Who acts: Lord GOD, Edom. Ezekiel 25:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.660/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/25/) / [25:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.25.12/) / JPS 1

# Ezekiel 25:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lord GOD, Edom · **What happens:** say, deal, take, offend, revenge · **To what, where:** vengeance, GOD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 25:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord GOD, Edom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:660
# text = Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them;
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	dealt	deal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
19	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	offended	offend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	revenged	revenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
28	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	27	obj	_	_
29	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **deal** | present · perfect | Edom |  |  |  |  | against the house of Judah | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take** | gerund | Edom *not said here* | vengeance |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme |
| 4 | **offend** | present · perfect | Edom *not said here* |  |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **revenge** | participle | Edom *not said here* | GOD |  |  |  | upon Moab | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת אֱד֛וֹם בִּנְקֹ֥ם נָקָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ אָשׁ֖וֹם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃

[Ezekiel 25:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.25.12/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:660` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ezekiel 25:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.659/)
- next →: [Ezekiel 25:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.661/)
- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 25:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.25.12/)