---
title: Ezekiel 26:3 (JPS 1917) — Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against thee, O Tyre… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against thee, O Tyre, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth its waves to come up. Who acts: Lord GOD, I, many nations, sea. Ezekiel 26:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 26:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against thee, O Tyre, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth its waves to come up.

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**Who acts:** Lord GOD, I, many nations, sea, waves · **What happens:** say, be, cause, come up, wave · **To what, where:** many nations, thee, waves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 26:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord GOD, I, many nations, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:668
# text = Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against thee, O Tyre, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth its waves to come up.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
8	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	13	discourse	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	ccomp	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	_
16	Tyre	Tyre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	vocative	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
25	up	up	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	against	against	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	causeth	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
33	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
37	up	up	ADV	RP	_	36	advmod	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  | therefore, thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | against thee; Tyre *vocative* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** | future | I *not said here* | many nations |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **come up** | to-infinitive | many nations *not said here* |  |  | thee |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against thou=Location |
| 5 | **cause** | present | the sea | sea's waves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **come up** | to-infinitive | sea's waves *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **wave** |  | sea |  |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ צֹ֑ר וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים כְּהַעֲל֥וֹת הַיָּ֖ם לְגַלָּֽיו׃

[Ezekiel 26:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.26.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:668` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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