---
title: Ezekiel 28:12 (JPS 1917) — 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for the king of Tyre, and say unt… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for the king of Tyre, and say unto him: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Thou seal most accurate, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty, Who acts: you, Lord GOD. Ezekiel 28:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 28:12 · JPS 1917

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'Son of man, take up a lamentation for the king of Tyre, and say unto him: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Thou seal most accurate, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty,

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**Who acts:** you, Lord GOD · **What happens:** take up, say · **To what, where:** lamentation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 28:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Lord GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:735
# text = 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for the king of Tyre, and say unto him: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Thou seal most accurate, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty,
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
2	Son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lamentation	lamentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Tyre	Tyre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	seal	seal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	ccomp	_	_
29	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	30	advmod	_	_
30	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take up** | imperative | you *not said here* | a lamentation |  |  |  | for the king of Tyre; Son of man *vocative* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lamentation=Theme for king=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Tyre | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שָׂ֥א קִינָ֖ה עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ צ֑וֹר וְאָמַ֣רְתָּ לּ֗וֹ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אַתָּה֙ חוֹתֵ֣ם תָּכְנִ֔ית מָלֵ֥א חָכְמָ֖ה וּכְלִ֥יל יֹֽפִי׃

[Ezekiel 28:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.28.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:735` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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