--- title: Ezekiel 28:18 (JPS 1917) — By the multitude of thine iniquities, in the unrighteousness of thy… · tree and pragmatics description: By the multitude of thine iniquities, in the unrighteousness of thy traffic, thou hast profaned thy sanctuaries; therefore have I brought forth a fire from the midst of thee, it hath devoured thee, and I have turned thee to ashes upon the earth in the sight of all them that behold thee. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, I, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EZK:741 # text = By the multitude of thine iniquities, in the unrighteousness of thy traffic, thou hast profaned thy sanctuaries; therefore have I brought forth a fire from the midst of thee, it hath devoured thee, and I have turned thee to ashes upon the earth in the sight of all them that behold thee. 1 By by ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 multitude multitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 thine thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 iniquities iniquity NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 unrighteousness unrighteousness NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 traffic traffic NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 15 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 17 nsubj _ _ 16 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 profaned profane VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 18 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 sanctuaries sanctuary NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 21 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 22 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 17 parataxis _ _ 25 forth forth ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 28 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 midst midst NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 30 nmod _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 35 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 devoured devour VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 24 parataxis _ _ 37 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 36 obj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 40 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 41 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 42 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 36 conj _ _ 43 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 42 obj _ _ 44 to to ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 ashes ash NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obl _ _ 46 upon upon ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 49 in in ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 52 of of ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 53 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 54 det:predet _ _ 54 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nmod _ _ 55 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 56 nsubj _ _ 56 behold behold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 54 acl:relcl _ _ 57 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 56 obj _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **profane** | present · perfect | thou | thy sanctuaries | | the unrighteousness of thy traffic | | by the multitude of thine iniquities | tree rules | | 2 | **bring** | present · perfect | I | a fire | | the midst of thee | | forth, therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent fire=Theme from midst=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **devour** | present · perfect | fire | thee | | | | | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient | | 4 | **turn** | present · perfect | I | thee | | the sight of ashes | | to ashes; upon the earth | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent thou=Theme to ash=Source upon earth=Trajectory in sight=Destination | | 5 | **behold** | present | | thee | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus | | 6 | **sight** | | | ashes *= ash* | | | | | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} מֵרֹ֣ב עֲוֺנֶ֗יךָ בְּעֶ֙וֶל֙ רְכֻלָּ֣תְךָ֔ חִלַּ֖לְתָּ מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑יךָ וָֽאוֹצִא־אֵ֤שׁ מִתּֽוֹכְךָ֙ הִ֣יא אֲכָלַ֔תְךָ וָאֶתֶּנְךָ֤ לְאֵ֙פֶר֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־רֹאֶֽיךָ׃ [Ezekiel 28:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.28.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:741` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 28:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.740/) - next →: [Ezekiel 28:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.742/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 28:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.28.18/)