---
title: Ezekiel 31:10 (JPS 1917) — Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in statu… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in stature, and he hath set his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height; Who acts: God. Ezekiel 31:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 31:10 · JPS 1917

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Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in stature, and he hath set his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;

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**Who acts:** God · **What happens:** say, exalt, set, lift up · **To what, where:** Lord GOD, thou, stature, top, thick boughs, heart · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 31:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:806
# text = Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in stature, and he hath set his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	exalted	exalt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	stature	stature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	among	among	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	boughs	bough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
31	up	up	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the Lord GOD |  |  |  | therefore, thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent god=Topic |
| 2 | **exalt** | present · passive |  | thou |  | stature |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **set** | present · perfect | God | God's top |  | the thick boughs |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent top=Theme among bough=Destination |
| 4 | **lift up** | present · passive |  | God's heart |  | God's height |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in height=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ׃

[Ezekiel 31:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:806` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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