---
title: Ezekiel 31:14 (JPS 1917) — to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves… · tree and pragmatics
description: to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up in their height, even all that drink water; for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst o
---

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# Ezekiel 31:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up in their height, even all that drink water; for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** none, mighty ones · **What happens:** exalt, set, stand up, drink, deliver, go down · **To what, where:** waters, stature, top, thick boughs, height, water

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 31:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (none, mighty ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:810
# text = to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up in their height, even all that drink water; for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.
1	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
5	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	13	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	exalt	exalt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl	_	_
14	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	stature	stature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	20	cc:preconj	_	_
20	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	among	among	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	boughs	bough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	33	cc	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
34	up	up	ADP	RP	_	33	compound:prt	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	even	even	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	37	appos	_	_
41	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	42	nsubj	_	_
42	drink	drink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	acl:relcl	_	_
43	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
44	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	49	punct	_	_
45	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
46	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj:pass	_	_
47	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	49	aux:pass	_	_
48	all	all	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	_
50	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
53	to	to	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
55	nether	nether	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	compound	_	_
56	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	obl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	_
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
61	in	in	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
66	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	nmod	_	_
67	of	of	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
68	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	nmod	_	_
69	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
70	with	with	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
71	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	63	nmod	_	_
72	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	73	nsubj	_	_
73	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	71	acl:relcl	_	_
74	down	down	ADV	RB	_	73	advmod	_	_
75	to	to	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
76	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
77	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	obl	_	_
78	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exalt** | present | none | waters *= water* |  | waters's stature |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus |
| 2 | **set** | past |  | waters's top |  | the thick boughs | to the end |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent top=Theme among bough=Destination |
| 3 | **stand up** | present | boughs's mighty ones |  |  | boughs's height |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in height=Location |
| 4 | **drink** | present |  | water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 5 | **deliver** | present · passive |  | boughs *= bough* |  | the midst of the children of men with children |  | unto death; to the nether parts of the earth; all *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to part=Destination |
| 6 | **go down** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the pit; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְקוֹמָתָ֜ם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַ֗יִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יַעַמְד֧וּ אֵלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּגָבְהָ֖ם כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּֽי־כֻלָּם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַמָּ֜וֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ס

[Ezekiel 31:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:810` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.14/)