--- title: Ezekiel 31:15 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-… · tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-world I caused the deep to mourn and cover itself for him, and I restrained the rivers thereof, and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him. Who acts: Lord --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.811/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/) / [31:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.15/) / JPS 1 # Ezekiel 31:15 · JPS 1917 Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-world I caused the deep to mourn and cover itself for him, and I restrained the rivers thereof, and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him. **Who acts:** Lord GOD, God, I, deep, Lebanon, trees · **What happens:** say, go down, cause, mourn, cover, restrain · **To what, where:** deep, world, rivers, great waters, Lebanon · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Ezekiel 31:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord GOD, God, I, deep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EZK:811 # text = Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-world I caused the deep to mourn and cover itself for him, and I restrained the rivers thereof, and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him. 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 GOD GOD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 7 In in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Rel 12 advmod _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 13 down down ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 nether nether NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 18 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 19 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 caused cause VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 deep deep NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 mourn mourn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 cover cover VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 conj _ _ 27 itself itself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 26 obj _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 restrained restrain VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 36 thereof thereof ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 nsubj:pass _ _ 42 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux:pass _ _ 43 stayed stay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 conj _ _ 44 ; ; PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 46 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 47 caused cause VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 48 Lebanon Lebanon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 obj _ _ 49 to to PART TO _ 50 mark _ _ 50 mourn mourn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 47 xcomp _ _ 51 for for ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 obl _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 55 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 57 det:predet _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 nsubj _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nmod _ _ 61 fainted faint VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 conj _ _ 62 for for ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 63 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 61 obl _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **go down** | past | God | | | | | to the nether world; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **cause** | past | I | the deep | | | day | | tree rules | | 4 | **mourn** | to-infinitive | the deep *not said here* | | | | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **cover** | infinitive | the deep *not said here* | world | | | | for God | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme itself=Destination | | 6 | **restrain** | past | I | the rivers | | | | thereof *property* | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer river=Eventuality | | 7 | **stay** | past · passive | | the great waters | | | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location | | 8 | **cause** | past | I | Lebanon | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **mourn** | to-infinitive | Lebanon *not said here* | | | | | for God | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for he=Attribute | | 10 | **faint** | past | all trees of the field | | | | | for God | vn change\_bodily\_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤וֹ שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָאַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה׃ [Ezekiel 31:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.15/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:811` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.810/) - next →: [Ezekiel 31:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.812/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.15/)