---
title: Ezekiel 31:16 (JPS 1917) — I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to the nether-world with them that descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the nether parts of the earth. Who acts: I, nations. Ezekiel 31:16 in
---

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# Ezekiel 31:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to the nether-world with them that descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the nether parts of the earth.

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**Who acts:** I, nations · **What happens:** make, shake, cast down, descend, drink, comfort · **To what, where:** nations, God, nether world, pit, water, trees

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 31:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:812
# text = I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to the nether-world with them that descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the nether parts of the earth.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	nether	nether	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	_
23	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	descend	descend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
33	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	35	det:predet	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Eden	Eden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	best	best	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	appos	_	_
47	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	48	nsubj	_	_
48	drink	drink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	acl:relcl	_	_
49	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
51	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	aux:pass	_	_
52	comforted	comfort	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
55	nether	nether	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	compound	_	_
56	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	_
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | the nations |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shake** | to-infinitive | the nations *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the sound of God's fall | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at sound=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cast down** | past | I | God |  | the nether world |  | with nations *= nation*; down *property* | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme to world=Destination |
| 4 | **descend** | present |  |  |  | the pit |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into pit=Location |
| 5 | **drink** | present |  | water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 6 | **comfort** | past · passive |  | all trees of Eden and the choice of Lebanon and best |  | the nether parts of the earth |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִקּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם׃

[Ezekiel 31:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:812` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.16/)