---
title: Ezekiel 31:18 (JPS 1917) — To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees… · tree and pragmatics
description: To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword. Who acts: thou, sword. Ezekiel 31:18 in JPS
---

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# Ezekiel 31:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, sword · **What happens:** be, bring down, lie, slay · **To what, where:** glory, thou, midst

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 31:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, sword), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:814
# text = To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
3	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
5	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	greatness	greatness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	among	among	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Eden	Eden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
18	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
23	down	down	ADV	RP	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Eden	Eden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	nether	nether	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
37	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	nsubj	_	_
38	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	uncircumcised	uncircumcised	NOUN	NN	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	with	with	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	_
49	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	51	nsubj:pass	_	_
50	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux:pass	_	_
51	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	acl:relcl	_	_
52	by	by	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl:agent	_	_
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: other
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed form=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | thou |  |  | glory |  | among the trees of Eden; like, thus *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring down** | shall · passive |  | thou |  |  |  | with the trees of Eden; unto the nether parts of the earth; down *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **lie** | shall | thou |  |  | the midst of the uncircumcised |  | with trees *= tree* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in midst=Location |
| 4 | **slay** | present · passive | the sword |  |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔הנְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ס

[Ezekiel 31:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.18/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword.**
2. [This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.815/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:814` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.813/)
- next →: [Ezekiel 31:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.815/)
- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.18/)