---
title: Ezekiel 31:18 (JPS 1917) — This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.' · tree and pragmatics
description: This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.' Who acts: This, Lord GOD. Ezekiel 31:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 31:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.'

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**Who acts:** This, Lord GOD · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** Pharaoh · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 31:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Lord GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:815
# text = This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.'
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | Pharaoh and sword's multitude |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔הנְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ס

[Ezekiel 31:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.18/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.814/)
2. **This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.'**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:815` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.814/)
- next →: [Ezekiel 32:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.816/)
- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.18/)