--- title: Ezekiel 32:2 (JPS 1917) — 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and sa… · tree and pragmatics description: 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say unto him: thou didst liken thyself unto a young lion of the nations; whereas thou art as a dragon in the seas; and thou didst gush forth with thy rivers, and didst trouble the waters with thy feet, and foul their rivers. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.817/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/32/) / [32:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.2/) / JPS 1 # Ezekiel 32:2 · JPS 1917 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say unto him: thou didst liken thyself unto a young lion of the nations; whereas thou art as a dragon in the seas; and thou didst gush forth with thy rivers, and didst trouble the waters with thy feet, and foul their rivers. **Who acts:** you, thou · **What happens:** take up, say, liken, be, gush, trouble · **To what, where:** lamentation, thyself, seas, waters, rivers · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Ezekiel 32:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EZK:817 # text = 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say unto him: thou didst liken thyself unto a young lion of the nations; whereas thou art as a dragon in the seas; and thou didst gush forth with thy rivers, and didst trouble the waters with thy feet, and foul their rivers. 1 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 2 Son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 vocative _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 6 take take VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 up up ADP RP _ 6 compound:prt _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 lamentation lamentation NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 Pharaoh Pharaoh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 12 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Egypt Egypt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 18 unto unto ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 21 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 23 nsubj _ _ 22 didst do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 liken liken VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 ccomp _ _ 24 thyself thyself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch 23 obj _ _ 25 unto unto ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 lion lion NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 33 whereas whereas SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 nsubj _ _ 35 art be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 36 as as ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 dragon dragon NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 advcl _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 seas sea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nmod _ _ 42 ; ; PUNCT : _ 46 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 46 nsubj _ _ 45 didst do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 46 gush gush VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 conj _ _ 47 forth forth ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ _ 48 with with ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 50 nmod:poss _ _ 50 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obl _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 53 didst do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 aux _ _ 54 trouble trouble VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 46 conj _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 obj _ _ 57 with with ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 58 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 59 nmod:poss _ _ 59 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 obl _ _ 60 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 61 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 62 foul foul VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 54 conj _ _ 63 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 64 nmod:poss _ _ 64 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 62 obj _ _ 65 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take up** | imperative | you *not said here* | a lamentation | | | | for king Pharaoh of Egypt; Son of man *vocative* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lamentation=Theme for king=Beneficiary | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | unto Egypt | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **liken** | past · do-support | thou | thyself | | | | unto a young lion of the nations | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | present | thou *not said here* | | | the seas | | as a dragon | tree rules | | 5 | **gush** | past · do-support | thou | | | | | with thy rivers; forth *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with river=Theme | | 6 | **trouble** | past · do-support | thou *not said here* | the waters | | | | with thy feet | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus water=Experiencer | | 7 | **foul** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | feet's rivers | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שָׂ֤א קִינָה֙ עַל־פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֔יו כְּפִ֥יר גּוֹיִ֖ם נִדְמֵ֑יתָ וְאַתָּה֙ כַּתַּנִּ֣ים בַּיַּמִּ֔ים וַתָּ֣גַח בְּנַהֲרוֹתֶ֗יךָ וַתִּדְלַח־מַ֙יִם֙ בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ וַתִּרְפֹּ֖ס נַהֲרוֹתָֽם׃ [Ezekiel 32:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:817` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 32:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.816/) - next →: [Ezekiel 32:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.818/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 32:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.2/)