---
title: Ezekiel 32:8 (JPS 1917) — All the bright lights of heaven will I make black over thee, and set… · tree and pragmatics
description: All the bright lights of heaven will I make black over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord GOD. Who acts: I, Lord GOD. Ezekiel 32:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 32:8 · JPS 1917

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All the bright lights of heaven will I make black over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord GOD.

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**Who acts:** I, Lord GOD · **What happens:** make, set, say, light · **To what, where:** bright lights, thee, darkness, land, heaven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 32:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Lord GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:823
# text = All the bright lights of heaven will I make black over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord GOD.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
16	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | future | I | all bright lights of heaven |  | thee |  | black *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Product |
| 2 | **set** | infinitive | I *not said here* | darkness |  | thy land |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent darkness=Theme upon land=Destination |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **light** |  |  | heaven |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כָּל־מְא֤וֹרֵי אוֹר֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם אַקְדִּירֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יךָ וְנָתַ֤תִּי חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ עַֽל־אַרְצְךָ֔ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃

[Ezekiel 32:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:823` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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