---
title: Ezekiel 32:18 (JPS 1917) — 'Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, ev… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, even her, with the daughters of the mighty nations, unto the nether parts of the earth, with them that go down into the pit. Who acts: you. Ezekiel 32:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 32:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, even her, with the daughters of the mighty nations, unto the nether parts of the earth, with them that go down into the pit.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** wail, cast down, go down · **To what, where:** waters, pit

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This is Ezekiel 32:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:833
# text = 'Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, even her, with the daughters of the mighty nations, unto the nether parts of the earth, with them that go down into the pit.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
2	Son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	wail	wail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	down	down	ADV	RB	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	nether	nether	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	_
39	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	nsubj	_	_
40	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	acl:relcl	_	_
41	down	down	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	into	into	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request, form=imp, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wail** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the multitude of Egypt; Son of man *vocative* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for multitude=Recipient |
| 2 | **cast down** | infinitive | you *not said here* | waters *= water* |  |  |  | with the daughters of the mighty nations; unto the nether parts of the earth; with waters *= water*; multitude *obl* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Product |
| 3 | **go down** | present |  |  |  | the pit |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם נְהֵ֛ה עַל־הֲמ֥וֹן מִצְרַ֖יִם וְהוֹרִדֵ֑הוּ א֠וֹתָהּ וּבְנ֨וֹת גּוֹיִ֧ם אַדִּרִ֛ם אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ תַּחְתִּיּ֖וֹת אֶת־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃

[Ezekiel 32:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:833` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 32:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.18/)