---
title: Ezekiel 4:15 (JPS 1917) — Then He said unto me: 'See, I have given thee cow's dung for man's d… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then He said unto me: 'See, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereon.' Who acts: flesh, I, thou. Ezekiel 4:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.84/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/4/) / [4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.4.15/) / JPS 1

# Ezekiel 4:15 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then He said unto me: 'See, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereon.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flesh, I, thou · **What happens:** say, see, give, prepare · **To what, where:** dung, thee, bread · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 4:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flesh, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:84
# text = Then He said unto me: 'See, I have given thee cow's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereon.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	See	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	parataxis	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
13	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	iobj	_	_
14	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
24	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	prepare	prepare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
26	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, indirect=0, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | flesh |  |  |  | then | unto me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **give** | present · perfect | I | cow's dung | thee |  |  | for man's dung | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient dung=Theme for dung=Asset |
| 4 | **prepare** | shall | thou | thy bread |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י רְאֵ֗ה נָתַ֤תִּֽי לְךָ֙ אֶת־צְפִיעֵ֣י הַבָּקָ֔ר תַּ֖חַת גֶּלְלֵ֣י הָֽאָדָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶֽת־לַחְמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ס

[Ezekiel 4:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.4.15/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:84` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ezekiel 4:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.83/)
- next →: [Ezekiel 4:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.85/)
- ↑ back to [Ezekiel 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.4.15/)