---
title: Ezekiel 34:2 (JPS 1917) — 'Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say unto them, even to the shepherds: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Woe unto the shepherds of Israel that have fed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the sheep? Who acts: you, Lord GOD, shepherds. Ezekiel 34:2 in JPS 1917 with it
---

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# Ezekiel 34:2 · JPS 1917

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'Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say unto them, even to the shepherds: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Woe unto the shepherds of Israel that have fed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the sheep?

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**Who acts:** you, Lord GOD, shepherds · **What happens:** prophesy, say, feed, not feed · **To what, where:** shepherds, sheep · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 34:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Lord GOD, shepherds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:885
# text = 'Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say unto them, even to the shepherds: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Woe unto the shepherds of Israel that have fed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the sheep?
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
2	Son	Son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	prophesy	prophesy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	prophesy	prophesy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
30	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
31	Woe	Woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	parataxis	_	_
32	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
38	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl:relcl	_	_
40	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	39	obj	_	_
41	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
42	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
43	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	46	advmod	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nsubj	_	_
46	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	parataxis	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obj	_	_
49	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	46	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prophesy** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against the shepherds of Israel; Son of man *vocative* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **prophesy** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | the shepherds |  |  | unto shepherds *= shepherd* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to shepherd=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **feed** | present · perfect | the shepherds of Israel | shepherds *= shepherd* |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient |
| 6 | **not** **feed** | should | the shepherds |  | the sheep |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵ֖א עַל־רוֹעֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנָּבֵ֣א וְאָמַרְתָּ֩ אֲלֵיהֶ֨ם לָרֹעִ֜ים כֹּ֥האָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה ה֤וֹי רֹעֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיוּ֙ רֹעִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם הֲל֣וֹא הַצֹּ֔אן יִרְע֖וּ הָרֹעִֽים׃

[Ezekiel 34:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.34.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:885` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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