---
title: Ezekiel 36:2 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because the enemy hath said against you: Ah… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because the enemy hath said against you: Aha! even the ancient high places are ours in possession; Who acts: Lord GOD, enemy, ancient high places. Ezekiel 36:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 36:2 · JPS 1917

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Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because the enemy hath said against you: Aha! even the ancient high places are ours in possession;

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**Who acts:** Lord GOD, enemy, ancient high places · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** ours, possession · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ezekiel 36:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord GOD, enemy, ancient high places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:931
# text = Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because the enemy hath said against you: Aha! even the ancient high places are ours in possession;
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
15	Aha	aha	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	23	discourse	_	_
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	ours	our	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	ccomp	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect | the enemy |  |  |  |  | against you | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the ancient high places | ours |  | possession |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן אָמַ֧ר הָאוֹיֵ֛ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם הֶאָ֑ח וּבָמ֣וֹת עוֹלָ֔ם לְמֽוֹרָשָׁ֖ה הָ֥יְתָה לָּֽנוּ׃

[Ezekiel 36:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.36.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:931` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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