---
title: Ezekiel 37:8 (JPS 1917) — And I beheld, and, lo, there were sinews upon them, and flesh came u… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I beheld, and, lo, there were sinews upon them, and flesh came up, and skin covered them above; but there was no breath in them. Who acts: I, flesh, skin, breath. Ezekiel 37:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 37:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I beheld, and, lo, there were sinews upon them, and flesh came up, and skin covered them above; but there was no breath in them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, flesh, skin, breath · **What happens:** behold, come up, cover, be · **To what, where:** sinews

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 37:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, flesh, skin, breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:975
# text = And I beheld, and, lo, there were sinews upon them, and flesh came up, and skin covered them above; but there was no breath in them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	sinews	sinew	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
18	up	up	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	above	above	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	28	expl	_	_
28	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
29	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	30	det	_	_
30	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **come up** | past | flesh |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | past | skin | sinews *= sinew* |  |  |  | above *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Destination |
| 4 | **be** | past | no breath |  |  | there |  | in sinews *= sinew* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in they=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְרָאִ֜יתִי וְהִנֵּֽה־עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם גִּדִים֙ וּבָשָׂ֣ר עָלָ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם ע֖וֹר מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְר֖וּחַ אֵ֥ין בָּהֶֽם׃

[Ezekiel 37:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.37.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:975` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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