---
title: Ezekiel 37:11 (JPS 1917) — Then He said unto me: 'Son of man, these bones are the whole house o… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then He said unto me: 'Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel; behold, they say: Our bones are dried up, and our hope is lost; we are clean cut off. Who acts: breath, bones, our. Ezekiel 37:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezekiel 37:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then He said unto me: 'Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel; behold, they say: Our bones are dried up, and our hope is lost; we are clean cut off.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** breath, bones, our · **What happens:** say, be, dry up, lose, cut off, hope · **To what, where:** whole house, bones, hope, we · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezekiel 37:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (breath, bones, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZK:978
# text = Then He said unto me: 'Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel; behold, they say: Our bones are dried up, and our hope is lost; we are clean cut off.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	vocative	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	24	discourse	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	ccomp	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux:pass	_	_
36	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	conj	_	_
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
38	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
39	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux:pass	_	_
40	clean	clean	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	conj	_	_
42	off	off	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | breath |  |  |  | then | unto me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | this bones | the whole house |  |  |  | of Israel; Son of man *vocative* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **dry up** | present · passive |  | Our bones |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 5 | **lose** | present · passive |  | our hope |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **cut off** | present · passive |  | we |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 7 | **hope** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּאמֶר֮ אֵלַי֒ בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הָעֲצָמ֣וֹת הָאֵ֔לֶּה כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑מָּה הִנֵּ֣ה אֹמְרִ֗ים יָבְשׁ֧וּ עַצְמוֹתֵ֛ינוּ וְאָבְדָ֥ה תִקְוָתֵ֖נוּ נִגְזַ֥רְנוּ לָֽנוּ׃

[Ezekiel 37:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.37.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZK:978` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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