---
title: Habakkuk 1:10 (JPS 1917) — And they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision unto them; they… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision unto them; they deride every stronghold, for they heap up earth, and take it. Who acts: places, princes. Habakkuk 1:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Habakkuk 1:10 · JPS 1917

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And they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision unto them; they deride every stronghold, for they heap up earth, and take it.

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**Who acts:** places, princes · **What happens:** scoff, be, deride, heap up, take · **To what, where:** derision, stronghold, earth

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This is Habakkuk 1:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (places, princes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAB:11
# text = And they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision unto them; they deride every stronghold, for they heap up earth, and take it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	scoff	scoff	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	derision	derision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	deride	deride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	stronghold	stronghold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	heap	heap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
23	up	up	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scoff** | present | places *= place* |  |  |  |  | at kings | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | princes | a derision |  |  |  | unto places *= place* | tree rules |
| 3 | **deride** | present | places *= place* | every stronghold |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stronghold=Theme |
| 4 | **heap up** | present | places *= place* | earth |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent earth=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | present | places *= place* *not said here* | earth |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהוּא֙ בַּמְּלָכִ֣ים יִתְקַלָּ֔ס וְרֹזְנִ֖ים מִשְׂחָ֣ק ל֑וֹ ה֚וּא לְכָל־מִבְצָ֣ר יִשְׂחָ֔ק וַיִּצְבֹּ֥ר עָפָ֖ר וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃

[Habakkuk 1:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.1.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:11` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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