--- title: Habakkuk 2:8 (JPS 1917) — Because thou hast spoiled many nations, all the remnant of the peopl… · tree and pragmatics description: Because thou hast spoiled many nations, all the remnant of the peoples shall spoil thee; because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, to the city and to all that dwell therein. Who acts: thou, remnant. Habakkuk 2:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Habakkuk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB/2/) / [2:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.8/) / JPS 1 # Habakkuk 2:8 · JPS 1917 Because thou hast spoiled many nations, all the remnant of the peoples shall spoil thee; because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, to the city and to all that dwell therein. **Who acts:** thou, remnant · **What happens:** spoil, do, dwell · **To what, where:** many nations, thee, violence This is Habakkuk 2:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, remnant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:HAB:28 # text = Because thou hast spoiled many nations, all the remnant of the peoples shall spoil thee; because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, to the city and to all that dwell therein. 1 Because because SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 4 nsubj _ _ 3 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 spoiled spoil VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 15 advcl _ _ 5 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 8 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 10 det:predet _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 remnant remnant NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 14 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 spoil spoil VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 16 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 15 obj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 18 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 22 case _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 18 fixed _ _ 20 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 's 's PART POS _ 20 case _ _ 22 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 violence violence NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 28 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 acl _ _ 29 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 all all PRON DT PronType=Tot 35 conj _ _ 39 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 40 nsubj _ _ 40 dwell dwell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 acl:relcl _ _ 41 therein therein ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spoil** | present · perfect | thou | many nations | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **spoil** | shall | all remnant of the peoples | thee | | | | because men's blood and the violence | tree rules | | 3 | **do** | participle | | the violence *not said here* | | | | to the land; to the city | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **dwell** | present | | | | | | therein *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כִּֽיאַתָּ֤ה שַׁלּ֙וֹתָ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים יְשָׁלּ֖וּךָ כָּל־יֶ֣תֶר עַמִּ֑ים מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃פ [Habakkuk 2:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:28` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Habakkuk 2:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.27/) - next →: [Habakkuk 2:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.29/) - ↑ back to [Habakkuk 2:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.8/)