---
title: Habakkuk 1:3 (JPS 1917) — Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief? · tree and pragmatics
description: Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief? Who acts: Thou. Habakkuk 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Habakkuk 1:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief?

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**Who acts:** Thou · **What happens:** show, behold · **To what, where:** iniquity, me, mischief

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This is Habakkuk 1:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAB:3
# text = Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	dost	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	beholdest	behold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	mischief	mischief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed indirect=0

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | Thou | iniquity | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient iniquity=Topic |
| 2 | **behold** | present | Thou *not said here* | mischief |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mischief=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לָ֣מָּה תַרְאֵ֤נִי אָ֙וֶן֙ וְעָמָ֣ל תַּבִּ֔יט וְשֹׁ֥ד וְחָמָ֖ס לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וַיְהִ֧י רִ֦יב וּמָד֖וֹן יִשָּֽׂא׃

[Habakkuk 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.1.3/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief?**
2. [And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:3` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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