---
title: Habakkuk 2:12 (JPS 1917) — Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city… · tree and pragmatics
description: Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity! Who acts: Woe. Habakkuk 2:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Habakkuk 2:12 · JPS 1917

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Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity!

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**Who acts:** Woe · **What happens:** build, establish · **To what, where:** town, city

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This is Habakkuk 2:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAB:32
# text = Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity!
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	buildeth	build	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	establisheth	establish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: fragment
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present | Woe to Woe | a town |  |  |  | with blood | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent town=Theme with blood=Source |
| 2 | **establish** | present | Woe to Woe *not said here* | a city |  |  |  | by iniquity | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ה֛וֹי בֹּנֶ֥ה עִ֖יר בְּדָמִ֑ים וְכוֹנֵ֥ן קִרְיָ֖ה בְּעַוְלָֽה׃

[Habakkuk 2:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:32` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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