---
title: Habakkuk 2:17 (JPS 1917) — For the violence done to Lebanon shall cover thee, and the destructi… · tree and pragmatics
description: For the violence done to Lebanon shall cover thee, and the destruction of the beasts, which made them afraid; because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, to the city and to all that dwell therein. Who acts: violence, destruction. Habakkuk 2:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree 
---

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# Habakkuk 2:17 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For the violence done to Lebanon shall cover thee, and the destruction of the beasts, which made them afraid; because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, to the city and to all that dwell therein.

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**Who acts:** violence, destruction · **What happens:** do, cover, make, dwell, destroy · **To what, where:** violence, Lebanon, thee, beasts

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This is Habakkuk 2:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (violence, destruction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAB:37
# text = For the violence done to Lebanon shall cover thee, and the destruction of the beasts, which made them afraid; because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, to the city and to all that dwell therein.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
23	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	27	case	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	's	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
33	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	40	conj	_	_
44	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	45	nsubj	_	_
45	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	acl:relcl	_	_
46	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  | the violence *not said here* | Lebanon |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cover** | shall | the violence | thee |  |  |  | because men's blood and the violence | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thou=Destination |
| 3 | **make** | past | the destruction of the beasts | beasts *= beast* |  |  |  | afraid *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |
| 4 | **do** | participle |  | the violence *not said here* |  |  |  | to the land; to the city | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **dwell** | present |  |  |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **destroy** |  |  | the beasts |  |  |  |  | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י חֲמַ֤ס לְבָנוֹן֙ יְכַסֶּ֔ךָּ וְשֹׁ֥ד בְּהֵמ֖וֹת יְחִיתַ֑ן מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ס

[Habakkuk 2:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:37` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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