---
title: Habakkuk 1:3 (JPS 1917) — And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife… · tree and pragmatics
description: And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth. Who acts: contention. Habakkuk 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Habakkuk 1:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth.

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**Who acts:** contention · **What happens:** spoil, arise

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This is Habakkuk 1:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (contention), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAB:4
# text = And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	spoiling	spoil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
14	strife	strife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	contention	contention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	ariseth	arise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed form=q, act=ask

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  | before me |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **arise** | present | contention |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לָ֣מָּה תַרְאֵ֤נִי אָ֙וֶן֙ וְעָמָ֣ל תַּבִּ֔יט וְשֹׁ֥ד וְחָמָ֖ס לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וַיְהִ֧י רִ֦יב וּמָד֖וֹן יִשָּֽׂא׃

[Habakkuk 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.1.3/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [Why dost Thou show me iniquity, and beholdest mischief?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.3/)
2. **And why are spoiling and violence before me? so that there is strife, and contention ariseth.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:4` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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