---
title: Habakkuk 3:6 (JPS 1917) — He standeth, and shaketh the earth, He beholdeth, and maketh the nat… · tree and pragmatics
description: He standeth, and shaketh the earth, He beholdeth, and maketh the nations to tremble; and the everlasting mountains are dashed in pieces, the ancient hills do bow; His goings are as of old. Who acts: pestilence, nations, ancient hills, goings. Habakkuk 3:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Habakkuk 3:6 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He standeth, and shaketh the earth, He beholdeth, and maketh the nations to tremble; and the everlasting mountains are dashed in pieces, the ancient hills do bow; His goings are as of old.

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**Who acts:** pestilence, nations, ancient hills, goings · **What happens:** stand, shake, behold, make, tremble, dash · **To what, where:** earth, nations, everlasting mountains, pieces

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Habakkuk 3:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pestilence, nations, ancient hills, goings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAB:48
# text = He standeth, and shaketh the earth, He beholdeth, and maketh the nations to tremble; and the everlasting mountains are dashed in pieces, the ancient hills do bow; His goings are as of old.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	standeth	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	shaketh	shake	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	beholdeth	behold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	maketh	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	tremble	tremble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	everlasting	everlasting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	dashed	dash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
31	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	bow	bow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
34	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	goings	going	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	_
36	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
37	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	39	case	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	fixed	_	_
39	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | pestilence |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **shake** | present | pestilence *not said here* | the earth |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent earth=Patient |
| 3 | **behold** | present | pestilence |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **make** | present | pestilence *not said here* | the nations |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **tremble** | to-infinitive | the nations *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **dash** | present · passive |  | the everlasting mountains |  | pieces |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in piece=Trajectory |
| 7 | **bow** | present · do-support | the ancient hills |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **is** | present | pestilence's goings |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **go** |  | pestilence |  |  |  |  |  | nom going «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עָמַ֣ד ׀ וַיְמֹ֣דֶד אֶ֗רֶץ רָאָה֙ וַיַּתֵּ֣ר גּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּתְפֹּֽצְצוּ֙ הַרְרֵי־עַ֔ד שַׁח֖וּ גִּבְע֣וֹת עוֹלָ֑ם הֲלִיכ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם לֽוֹ׃

[Habakkuk 3:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.3.6/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:48` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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