---
title: Habakkuk 3:16 (JPS 1917) — When I heard, mine inward parts trembled, my lips quivered at the vo… · tree and pragmatics
description: When I heard, mine inward parts trembled, my lips quivered at the voice; rottenness entereth into my bones, and I tremble where I stand; that I should wait for the day of trouble, when he cometh up against the people that he invadeth. Who acts: I, inward parts, lips, rottenness. Habakkuk 3:16 in JPS
---

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# Habakkuk 3:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I heard, mine inward parts trembled, my lips quivered at the voice; rottenness entereth into my bones, and I tremble where I stand; that I should wait for the day of trouble, when he cometh up against the people that he invadeth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, inward parts, lips, rottenness · **What happens:** hear, tremble, quiver, enter, stand, wait · **To what, where:** bones, people

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Habakkuk 3:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, inward parts, lips, rottenness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAB:59
# text = When I heard, mine inward parts trembled, my lips quivered at the voice; rottenness entereth into my bones, and I tremble where I stand; that I should wait for the day of trouble, when he cometh up against the people that he invadeth.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	mine	my	PRON	PRP$	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	inward	inward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	quivered	quiver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	rottenness	rottenness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	entereth	enter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	tremble	tremble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
26	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	28	advmod	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	parataxis	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	42	advmod	_	_
41	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
42	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	advcl	_	_
43	up	up	ADV	RP	_	42	advmod	_	_
44	against	against	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
47	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	49	obj	_	_
48	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
49	invadeth	invade	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	acl:relcl	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **tremble** | past | mine inward parts |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **quiver** | past | my lips |  |  |  |  | at the voice | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at voice=Stimulus |
| 4 | **enter** | present | rottenness |  |  | my bones |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into bone=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **tremble** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **stand** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **wait** | should | I |  |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **come up** | present | rottenness |  |  |  |  | against the people | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against people=Location |
| 9 | **invade** | present | rottenness | the people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי ׀ וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז בִּטְנִ֗י לְקוֹל֙ צָלֲל֣וּ שְׂפָתַ֔י יָב֥וֹא רָקָ֛ב בַּעֲצָמַ֖י וְתַחְתַּ֣י אֶרְגָּ֑ז אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנ֙וּחַ֙ לְי֣וֹם צָרָ֔ה לַעֲל֖וֹת לְעַ֥ם יְגוּדֶֽנּוּ׃

[Habakkuk 3:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.3.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAB:59` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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