---
title: Haggai 2:14 (JPS 1917) — Then answered Haggai, and said: 'So is this people, and so is this n… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then answered Haggai, and said: 'So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the LORD; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean. Who acts: Haggai, LORD, hands, that. Haggai 2:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Haggai 2:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then answered Haggai, and said: 'So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the LORD; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Haggai, LORD, hands, that · **What happens:** answer, say, be, offer · **To what, where:** people, nation, work · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Haggai 2:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haggai, LORD, hands, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:HAG:30
# text = Then answered Haggai, and said: 'So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the LORD; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Haggai	Haggai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
9	So	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
18	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	det	_	_
30	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
36	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	42	nsubj	_	_
37	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	obj	_	_
38	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
39	offer	offer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	acl:relcl	_	_
40	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	39	advmod	_	_
41	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
42	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Haggai |  |  |  | then |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Haggai *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | this people and this nation and every work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | this nation |  |  | before me |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is a** | present |  | every work |  |  |  | of nations's hands | tree rules |
| 7 | **offer** | present | hands *= hand* |  |  | there |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 8 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | unclean *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֨עַן חַגַּ֜י וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כֵּ֣ן הָֽעָם־הַ֠זֶּה וְכֵן־הַגּ֨וֹי הַזֶּ֤ה לְפָנַי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְכֵ֖ן כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֛יבוּ שָׁ֖ם טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃

[Haggai 2:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAG.2.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:HAG:30` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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